Universal Lids and Methods for Making and Using the Same

ABSTRACT

Universal lids, as well as methods of making and using the same, are provided. Universal lids of the invention are compliant and to accommodate multiple different sizes of containers, such that they may effectively cover at least two different containers that differ from each other in terms of size of the opening of the container. In certain embodiments, the lids are fabricated from a compliant material. In certain embodiments, the lids include an undercut. Embodiments of the lids include one or more of a detector component, e.g., for detecting temperature, time, etc.; a gas permeable component, e.g., for allowing certain gases to pass into and out of the sealed container; etc.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119 (e), this application claims priority to thefiling date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/027,026filed Feb. 7, 2008, the disclosure of which application is hereinincorporated by reference.

INTRODUCTION

It is often desirable to employ reusable containers in a variety ofapplications, including food preparation and storage, as well as storageof non-food items. When using such containers, it is often desirable toemploy a lid, i.e., a cover, for the container, where the lid serves tokeep the item in the container, and can be configured to maintainfreshness, or otherwise protect the contained item.

However, an effective lid must be matched to the container to work. Assuch, lids must be configured to a particular container in order to beused with that container.

Because of the multitude of different types of containers havingdifferent dimensions, this makes providing a lid for each possiblecontainer impractical. Furthermore, over time lids configured for aparticular container can be lost.

SUMMARY

Universal lids (referred to herein as “Universal Lid(s)”, “Lid(s)”“compliant lid(s)” or “the lid(s)”), as well as methods of making andusing the same, are provided. Universal Lids of the invention arecompliant and accommodate multiple different sizes of containers, suchthat they may effectively cover at least two different containers thatdiffer from each other in terms of size of the opening of the container.In certain embodiments, the lids are fabricated from a compliantmaterial. In certain embodiments, the lids include an undercut.Embodiments of the lids include one or more of a detector component,e.g., for detecting temperature, time, etc.; a gas permeable component,e.g., for allowing certain gases to pass into and out of the sealedcontainer; etc.

The Universal Lids described herein provide benefits for storageincluding ease-of-use with a broad range of house-hold containers,flexibility and compliance with any shaped container, a deep vacuum(e.g., FIG. 3 item 30) seal that holds under a variety of storageconditions, a vivid color change indicating storage temperatureconditions and built in short-term timing to warn for refrigeration orimmediate use, gas permeability and/or adsorption capabilities. The lidcan be used with solid and liquids, is dishwasher safe, can withstandmicrowave or freezer temperatures, and is constructed with componentsthat are considered safe for direct contact with foods. Various moldedfeatures can be incorporated into the product to provide additionalfeatures including but not limited to structural performance, increasedvacuum levels, and enhanced thermal time-temperate indication.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 provides an angled front, upright view of Universal Lid accordingto an embodiment of the invention, wherein the Universal Lid is in asealed position over a container having a rectangular-shaped opening.

FIG. 2 provides a perspective view of the underside of a Universal Lidaccording to an embodiment of the invention, whereby the thickness andundercut of the Universal Lid are visible.

FIG. 3 provides an angled front, upright view of Universal Lid accordingto an embodiment of the invention, wherein the Universal Lid is in asealed position over a container having a circular-shaped opening.

FIG. 4 provides an exploded cross-sectional view of an under cut in theskirt portion of a Universal Lid according to an embodiment of theinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Universal Lids, as well as methods of making and using the same, areprovided. Universal Lids of the invention are compliant and accommodatemultiple different sizes of containers, such that they may effectivelycover at least two different containers that differ from each other interms of size of the opening of the container. In certain embodiments,the lids are fabricated from a compliant material. In certainembodiments, the lids include an undercut. Embodiments of the lidsinclude one or more of a detector component, e.g., for detectingtemperature, time, etc.; a gas permeable component, e.g., for allowingcertain gases to pass into and out of the sealed container; etc.

The Universal Lids provide benefits for storage including ease-of-usewith a broad range of house-hold containers, flexibility and compliancewith any shaped container, a deep vacuum seal that holds under a varietyof storage conditions, a vivid color change indicating storagetemperature conditions and built in short-term timing to warn forrefrigeration or immediate use, gas permeability and/or adsorptioncapabilities. The lid can be used with solid and liquids, is dishwashersafe, can withstand microwave or freezer temperatures, and isconstructed with components that are considered safe for direct contactwith foods. Various molded features can be incorporated into the productto provide additional features including but not limited to structuralperformance, increased vacuum levels, and enhanced thermaltime-temperate indication.

Before the present invention is described in greater detail, it is to beunderstood that this invention is not limited to particular embodimentsdescribed, as such may, of course, vary. It is also to be understoodthat the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describingparticular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting, sincethe scope of the present invention will be limited only by the appendedclaims.

Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that eachintervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit unlessthe context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lowerlimit of that range and any other stated or intervening value in thatstated range, is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lowerlimits of these smaller ranges may independently be included in thesmaller ranges and are also encompassed within the invention, subject toany specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the statedrange includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either orboth of those included limits are also included in the invention.

Certain ranges are presented herein with numerical values being precededby the term “about.” The term “about” is used herein to provide literalsupport for the exact number that it precedes, as well as a number thatis near to or approximately the number that the term precedes. Indetermining whether a number is near to or approximately a specificallyrecited number, the near or approximating unrecited number may be anumber which, in the context in which it is presented, provides thesubstantial equivalent of the specifically recited number.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods andmaterials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also beused in the practice or testing of the present invention, representativeillustrative methods and materials are now described.

All publications and patents cited in this specification are hereinincorporated by reference as if each individual publication or patentwere specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated byreference and are incorporated herein by reference to disclose anddescribe the methods and/or materials in connection with which thepublications are cited. The citation of any publication is for itsdisclosure prior to the filing date and should not be construed as anadmission that the present invention is not entitled to antedate suchpublication by virtue of prior invention. Further, the dates ofpublication provided may be different from the actual publication dateswhich may need to be independently confirmed.

It is noted that, as used herein and in the appended claims, thesingular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless thecontext clearly dictates otherwise. It is further noted that the claimsmay be drafted to exclude any optional element. As such, this statementis intended to serve as antecedent basis for use of such exclusiveterminology as “solely,” “only” and the like in connection with therecitation of claim elements, or use of a “negative” limitation.

As will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading thisdisclosure, each of the individual embodiments described and illustratedherein has discrete components and features which may be readilyseparated from or combined with the features of any of the other severalembodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the presentinvention. Any recited method can be carried out in the order of eventsrecited or in any other order which is logically possible.

Universal Lids

As summarized above, Universal Lids as well as methods of making andusing the same, are provided. The term “Universal Lid” in this regardwill be understood to refer to various types of lids, barriers,coverings and/or caps that have a “universal” size. The “universal” sizeallows the lid to be used to seal more than one corresponding opening orcontainer. A Universal Lid therefore is configured to seal at least twodifferent containers, the size of which differs by 5% or more (withreference to the diameter or length thereof). The Universal Liddisclosed herein is circular; however, other embodiments arecontemplated, including squares, rectangles, discs and ovals, to list afew non-limiting examples.

Universal Lids of the invention may be configured in a range of sizesand shapes to meet a wide range of storage applications. Standardutility sizes can be used for various plastic, glass, metal and woodenbowls and tubs. Small diameter sizes can be used for enclosures forcups, canned foods, soda cans, condiment containers, and jars. Stoppersizes can be used as corks, bottle lids, and the like. Sheet forms canbe used to laminate and seal foods such as meats, cheeses, and otherperishables. Compliant lids according to the invention are configured toseal at least two different containers that differ from each other bycontainer opening size (e.g., in terms of diameter), for example by 5%or more, 10% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 50% or more, 75% ormore, 100% or more, etc. While the diameter or length of the containerthat the lid is configured to cover may vary, in some instances the lidmay be configured to cover a container having a diameter or lengthranging from 5 cm to 60 cm, such as 10 cm to 50 cm and including 15 cmto 35 cm, for example. The thickness of the lid may range from 0.2 cm to2.0 cm, such as 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm and including 0.75 cm to 1 cm.

Universal Lids according to the invention may include a central paneland, optionally, a gripping zone along the periphery of the centralpanel, the central panel being stretchable for engaging a gripping zonewith the wall of various sized openings, thereby sealing a container.Features can include, but are not limited to thickness range, ledgelength, ledge undercut angles, color change types at important anduseful temperature ranges for perishable storage, thermochromic coloranttypes, food breakdown product detection elements, discrete sensing zonesor bulk indication compositions, and the like.

A Universal Lid of the invention may include a central flex panel havingan outer surface and an inner surface. An elastic edging is at theperiphery of the central flex panel. The elastic edging may be a flatflange perpendicular to the center panel, a flexible flap projectingupwards, or a mushroom-type feature, to list some non-limiting examples.The elastic edging may have a hinge portion and a rim portion. The hingeportion allows the center flex panel to move axially relative to the rimportion. Axial movement of the center flex panel moves the rim portionradially. When a Universal Lid of the invention is placed on acontainer, axial movement of the center flex panel moves the rim portionfrom the unsealing position of to the sealing position to create a sealfor storage of the contents of the container. The rim portion may beconsidered as having an annular skirt which engages the outside surfaceof a container lip when applied thereto. The skirt may also have anundercut, which protrudes from inside the skirt wall to the area underthe container lip to hold the Universal Lid in place. An undercutresembles a groove which is structured and arranged to receive the edgeof a container, which defines the opening of the container to be sealed.The undercut cooperates with the edge to facilitate attachment andsealing of the Universal Lid.

A Universal Lid according to the invention can be formulated to functionover a wide range of temperatures. Operating ranges can be sub-zero toelevated cooking temperatures. The composition can be formulated foractivity in the temperature range of from 200° C. to 20° C., such asfrom between 100° C. to 10° C., and including from between 50° C. to 0°C., e.g., from between 30° C. to 15° C. (ambient conditions).

Universal Lids: Molding

Finished lid and sheet forms can be produced using compression moldingor injection molding. Colorants, sensing compositions, and active agentscan be added during the molding process. All resins and compositions fora particular lid type can be scaled-up according to volume needs andpricing.

Various molding processes can be employed including injection moldingcompression molding, blow molding, rotary molding, and the like. Themolding method selected will depend on the method of choice that bestfits the product production characteristics such as cost, utility,features and the like.

Universal lids can be molded with severe undercuts due to the inherentelasticity of the elastomeric compositions employed in the product. Thesevere undercuts are of use for significantly improving the gas/watertightness of substances stored in a container and sealed with auniversal lid. The term “undercut” refers to a groove-like feature whichis structured and arranged to receive the edge or flange of container.As such, an undercut cooperates with the edge or flange to facilitateattachment and sealing of a Universal Lid thereto.

Universal Lids: Undercut Geometry and Configuration

The grooves may be undercut such that each wall terminates in a flangeof flexible material which extends part way over adjacent grooves. Theflexible flange portion of the lid serves to further assure contactbetween the lid and the container rim to make a tight seal, especiallywhen there is a disparity between groove and container-lip geometry.

The undercut itself may be internal, spherically cup-shaped, concavelycurved, or a triangular recess (when viewed by cross section), to list afew non-limiting examples. An undercut having a triangular cross sectionmay defined by a first wall extending downward toward at a first anglerelative to the skirt of the lid, and a second wall extending downwardfrom the first wall at a second angle relative to the lid skirt.

Universal Lids: Elastomeric Component

The Universal Lids disclosed herein are of an elastomeric material thatretains its elasticity during use; i.e., the material may be stretchedto accommodate container openings of various sizes and at the same time,maintain its resiliency such that it will return to substantially to itsoriginal form after stretching.

Thus, the Universal Lids described herein may include an “elastomericcomponent.” The term “elastomeric component” refers to any number ofvarious thermal plastic elastomers (TPE's); such as, but not limited topolyisoprene, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, polyurethane,polychloroprene, highly elastic silicone, DYNAFLEX, VERSAFLEX,VERSALLOY, VERSOLLAN, and KRATON (GLS Corporation, IL). SANTOPRENE brandthermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) are a series of high-performanceelastomers which combine the desirable characteristics of vulcanizedrubber, such as flexibility and low compression set, with the processingease of thermoplastics. Fitting into the mid-range performance spectrumof both thermoplastic and thermoset rubbers, SANTOPRENE TPV (ExxonMobile Corp.) is accepted for a broad range of industrial and consumerproduct applications for the Universal Lids presented here.

Other plastics that may be added in ratios during manufacture includebut are not limited to ethylenechlorotrifluoreethylene (ECTFE),ethylentetrafluorethylene (ETFE), polinvinylidene fluoride (PVDF),ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR), silicone rubber (SI), ALCRYNthermoplastic rubber (TPR), HT thermoplastic rubber (HTPR), SANTOPRENEthermoplastic rubber (TPR), LSOH crosslinked compounds, LSOHthermoplastic compounds, methylvinyletherfluoralkoxy (MFA),perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPE),polyimide (KAPTON), polyurethane (PUR), polyvinyl chloride 105° C.(PVC), polyvinyl chloride 70° C. (PVC), low temperature polyvinylchloride (LTPVC), oil resistant Polyvinyl chloride (OR PVC), semi-rigidpolyvinyl (SR PVC), polyvinyl chloride polyurethane (PVC PUR), and thelike. Additive plastics can be utilized to adjust the characteristics ofthe base thermo plastic elastomer.

Elastomeric Component: Germicidal/Disinfectant Additives

Agents may be added to the base thermo plastic elastomer of the lidsduring manufacture. Such agents include surfactants having germicidalproperties, such as those cationic surfactants which are found toprovide a broad antibacterial or sanitizing function and as additives tothe composition. Any cationic surfactant which satisfies theserequirements may be used and are considered to be within the scope ofthe present invention, and mixtures of two or more cationic surfaceactive agents, viz., cationic surfactants may also be used. Cationicsurfactants are well known, and useful cationic surfactants may be oneor more of those described for example in McCutcheon's FunctionalMaterials, Vol. 2, 1998; Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopaedia of ChemicalTechnology, 4th Ed., Vol. 23, pp. 478-541 (1997), the disclosure ofwhich is hereby incorporated by reference.

Universal Lids: Detector Component

The Universal Lids described herein may also include a detectorcomponent, e.g., to detect one or more parameters of interest, such as,but not limited to temperature, time, analytes of interest (e.g.,chemicals given off by food, such as rotting food), etc. For example,the detector component may comprise a chemical agent that changesproperties in response to an applied stimulus, e.g., heat ortemperature. Such a detector component may provide a variety ofdifferent signals, including visual signals, such as color changes toindicate information related to temperature, time, analytes, etc. withrespect to that which is sealed by the Universal Lid presented herein.Thus, the phrase “analyte detector component” refers to an agentincorporated into the Universal Lid presented herein that detects thepresence or absence of specific analytes of interest and then displays(indicates) information regarding the same in a format (e.g., visual)that is understood by a consumer. Similarly, the phrase “time detectorcomponent” refers to an agent incorporated into the Universal Lidpresented herein that monitors the passage of time and then displays(indicates) information regarding the same in a format (e.g., visual)that is understood by a consumer. Likewise, the phrase “temperaturedetector component” refers to an agent incorporated into the UniversalLid presented herein that measures temperature and then displays(indicates) information regarding the same in a format (e.g., visual)that is understood by a consumer.

Detector Component: Chemical and/or Physical Additives

The detector component of the Universal Lid presented herein may containadditives, agents and/or devices that produce thermochromic,photochromic, chemochromic, (gas sensitive), machanochromic, biochromic,solvatochromic, and other related chromic changes to indicate one ormore parameters of interest, such as those listed above. All additivesand agents may be reversible or irreversible depending on theapplication of interest.

Detector Component: Time-Temperature Indicator or Integrator (TTI)

The detector component of the Universal Lid presented herein maycomprise a Time-Temperature Indicator or Integrator (TTI). TTIs refer toagents or devices that can display an easily readable, time-temperaturedependent change that reflects the full or partial temperature historyof a thermally sensitive product to which it is affixed. As such, TTIsare integral systems allowing irreversible visual indications of thecombined action of temperature and time on products. Unlike anexpiration date (ED) and a best-consumed-before-date (BCBD), both ofwhich take into account only a single parameter, i.e., time, TTIs offera means for assessing and controlling thermal cycles and storageconditions of products.

The Universal Lids presented herein may optionally incorporate TTIs.TTIs may be put in place during the preparation of thermally sensitiveproducts, such as the Universal Lids of the invention, at the time ofproduction to help consumers see if a product is still fresh at the timeof sale and at home.

One prevalent class of TTI is a diffusion-based indicator (TTI Type I).This type of TTI indicates a temperature history of a product based onthe diffusion of a colored chemical (e.g., fatty acid esters,phthalates, certain polymers) from the reservoir through a wick. Withinthis class, four (4) types of TTI are known, some of which arecommercially available, such as FREEZEWATCH and MONITORMARK (3MInnovative Properties Co., St. Paul, Minn.).

Another class of known TTI utilizes an enzymatic indicator (TTI TypeII). For example, the VITSAB CHECKPOINT TTI (VITSAB AB; Malmo, Sweden)is based on a color change caused by a decrease in pH value as a resultof the controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of a lipid substrate. This typeof TTI must be kept chilled before activation.

A third type (TTI Type III) of indicators is based on a chemicalpolymerization reaction, such as the polymerization of disubstituteddiacetylene crystals (R—C═C—C═C—R), which results in a highly coloredpolymer. Commercially available Type III TTIs include the FRESHCHECKindicator for food products and the HEATMARKER indicator for vaccines(LifeLine Technologies; Morristown, N.J.). These TTIs must be kept indeep freeze (i.e., at roughly −240° C.) before use because the reactionwill spontaneously occur under warmer conditions.

A fourth type of TTI system uses microorganisms to indicate microbialspoilage of food and other perishable products (TTI Type IV). In thesesystems, microorganisms are usually dehydrated and contained in anair-tight bag together with dehydrated nutrients. The system isactivated by breaking an inner pouch containing water, which rehydratesthe system. The change in indicator color is based on the growth ofmicroorganisms, which may be measured by the visibility of certain barcodes. The indicator colors itself and turns opaque after a criticalaccumulation of cold chain disruptions or when the use by date isexceeded.

By “cold chain” is meant a temperature-controlled supply chain; e.g.,the route from farm, to processor, to transport, which passes throughcold storage en route to distant markets. An unbroken cold chain is anuninterrupted series of storage and distribution activities whichmaintain a given temperature range. It is used to extend and to helpensure the shelf life of products such as chemicals, foods and drugs.Thus “cold chain disruption” refers to an interrupted series of storageand distribution activities, whereby temperature control may beintermittently lost.

A fifth type of TTI utilizes a combination of biochemistry (i.e., anenzymatic reaction) and electronics. One commercial example is theTEMPALARM/TIME TEMPERATURE BIOSENSOR; Bioett, Lund, Sweden), whichmonitors the thermal cycle of products.

A wide variety of TTIs can be multiplexed with or adjoined to devicesutilizing chemical polymerization indicators. Devices can include, butare not limited to those that are sold commercially such as ONVU by CIBAXYMARA, the TT SENSOR by Avery Denison (Paynesville, Ohio), DAYMARK, andthe like.

Thus, Universal Lids according to the invention may be equipped toaccept application of time-temperature indicator inks, adhesives and/ordyes. Lids may also be configured to seal storage containers that areequipped to accept application of such time-temperature indicators. Suchinks, adhesives and/or dyes may be applied through the use of a pen orother instrument, for example. Such ink, adhesives and/or dyes may becapable of being removed, peeled-off or wiped away. Using a pen or apeel-off label for activation, a consumer can thus be warned of time andtemperature storage conditions in a consumer environment. Such anindicator can be applied from a pen to a storage container or label. Theapplied mark will change color cumulatively according to time,temperature, and/or ambient storage conditions.

Detector Component: Thermochromic Dyes and Indicators

The detector component of the Universal Lid presented herein may containthermochromic dyes and colorants to serve as an indicating means to showthat a particular composition has been temperature activated for optimaluse. Temperature ranges for thermochromic transitions can be belowfreezing to above boiling depending on the intended use of thethermochromic composition application. Thermochromic dyes can find usein a variety of compositions and applications and formats. Thermochromicdyes can include but are not limited to compounds including:bis(2-amino-4-oxo-6-methylpyrimidinium)-tetrachlorocuprate(II);bis(2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidinium) hexachlorodicuprate(II);cobalt chloride; 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid; leuco dyes; spiropyrenes,bis(2-amino-4-oxo-6-methylpyrimidinium) tetrachlorocuprate(II) andbis(2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidinium) hexachlorodicuprate(II),benzo- and naphthopyrans (Chromenes), poly(xylylviologen dibromide,di-beta-naphthospiropyran, Ferrocene-modified bis(spiropyridopyran),isomers of1-isopropylidene-2-[1-(2-methyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)ethylidene]-succinicanhydride and the Photoproduct7,7adihydro-4,7,7,7a-tetramethyl-2-phenylbenzo[b]thiophene-5,6-dicarboxylicanhydride, and the like.

Other thermochromic dyes of interest include leuco dyes including colorto colorless and color to color formulations,vinylphenylmethane-leucocyanides and derivatives, fluoran dyes andderivatives, thermochromic pigments, micro and nano-pigments, molybdenumcompounds, doped or undoped vanadium dioxide, indolinospirochromenes,melting waxes, encapsulated dyes, liquid crystalline materials,cholesteric liquid crystalline materials, spiropyrans, polybithiophenes,bipyridine materials, microencapsulated, mercury chloride dyes, tincomplexes, combination thermochromic/photochromic materials, heatformable materials which change structure based on temperature, naturalthermochromic materials such as pigments in beans, various thermochromicinks sold by Securink Corp. (Springfield, Va.), Matusui Corp., LiquidCrystal Research Crop., or any acceptable thermochromic materials withthe capacity to report a temperature change or can be photo-stimulatedand the like. The chromic change agent selected will depend on a numberof factors including cost, material loading, color change desired,levels or color hue change, reversibility or irreversibility, stability,and the like.

Alternative thermochromic materials can be utilized including, but notlimited to light-induced meta-stable state in a thermochromic copper(II) complex. (Chem. Commun., 2002, (15), 1578-1579), which under goes acolor change from red to purple for a thermochromic complex;[Cu(dieten)2](BF4)2 (dieten=N,N-diethylethylenediamine); encapsulatedpigmented materials from Omega Engineering Inc.;bis(2-amino-4-oxo-6-methyl-pyrimidinium) tetrachlorocuprate(II);bis(2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidinium) hexachlorodicuprate(II);cobalt chloride; 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid; leuco dyes; spiropyrenes,bis(2-amino-4-oxo-6-methylpyrimidinium)-tetrachlorocuprate(II);bis(2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidinium) hexachlorod-icuprate(II);cobalt chloride; 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid; leuco dyes; spiropyrenes,bis(2-amino-4-oxo-6-methylpyrimidinium) tetrachlorocuprate(II) andbis(2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidinium) hexachlorodicuprate(II),benzo- and naphthopyrans (Chromenes), poly(xylylviologen dibromide,di-beta-naphthospiropyran, Ferrocene-modified bis(spiropyridopyran),isomers of1-isopropylidene-2-[1-(2-methyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)ethylidene]-succinicanhydride and the Photoproduct7,7adihydro-4,7,7,7a-tetramethyl-2-phenylbenzo[b]thiophene-5,6-dicarboxylicanhydride, and the like. Encapsulated leuco dyes are of interest sincethey can be easily processed in a variety of formats into a plastic orputty matrix. Liquid crystal materials can be conveniently applied aspaints or inks to surfaces of color/shape/memory composites.

Thermochromic color to colorless options can include by way of example,but not by limitation: yellow to colorless, orange to color less, red tocolorless, pink to colorless, magenta to colorless, purple to colorless,blue to colorless, turquoise to colorless, green to colorless, brown tocolorless, black to colorless. Color to color options include but arenot limited to: orange to yellow, orange to pink, orange to very lightgreen, orange to peach; red to yellow, red to orange, red to pink, redto light green, red to peach; magenta to yellow, magenta to orange,magenta to pink, magenta to light green, magenta to light blue; purpleto red, purple to pink, purple to blue; blue to pink; blue to lightgreen, dark blue to light yellow, dark blue to light green, dark blue tolight blue; turquoise to light green, turquoise to light blue, turquoiseto light yellow, turquoise to light peach, turquoise to light pink;green to yellow, dark green to orange, dark green to light green, darkgreen to light pink; brown and black to a variety of assorted colors,and the like. Colors can be deeply enriched using fluorescent andglow-in-the-dark or photo-luminescent pigments as well as related coloradditives.

Reversible and irreversible versions of the color change agent can beemployed depending on the desired embodiment of interest. Reversibleagents can be employed where it is desirable to have a multi-use effector to reuse the color change effect. For example, a reversible colorchange component is particularly useful during the manufacture ofproducts with continued and repeated use value. Thus, it may bedesirable to utilize a reversible thermochromic or luminescent materialwhich can reappear during usage. In another example, it may be desirableto record a single color change permanently. In this case, it would bedesirable to utilize a thermochromically irreversible material whichchanges from one color to another giving rise to a permanent change, andindicating that the composition should be discarded after use.

Thermochromic dyes can be added in amounts ranging from 0.001% by weightto 80% by weight. More usually, the dye additive will find use in therange of from 0.01% to 50% by weight. Usually, the additive will rangein concentration from 0.1% to 25% by weight. Typically and most often,the colorant will be added in a range of from 0.5% to 5%.

Thermal diffusion and thermal delay can also be employed to add timingfeatures to the Lid to accurately predict how long a lidded containerhas been exposed to a particular temperature of interest. Thicker areasfor thermal delay will respond more slowly. Thin elements will respondmore rapidly. The exact thickness of an element can therefore bepredetermined to provide for use as a timing/temperature indicatingmeans.

Detector Component: UV-Initiated Reversible Color Changes

The detector component of the Universal Lid presented herein may containadditives that display UV-initiated reversible color changes to indicatestorage time, for example. Colloidal diacetylene compositions arereadily polymerized using thermal polymerization and UVphotopolymerization. The resulting polymer remains very stable in abroad range of organic and aqueous solvents. The thermochromictemperature transition may show robust thermochromic reversibility in awide variety of solvent systems including harsh organic solvents suchhexane, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and the like. The thermochromictransition is dictated by the fatty acid chain link. Chain links form C8fatty acids through C40 fatty acids with a diacetylene moiety which maybe synthesized, dymerized and polymerized. Thermochromic transitions maybe obtained with pure dymerized Polydiacetylene polymers as well asplural compositions where the diacetylene polymer has been mixed with athermally responsive composition such as paraffin, waxes, blockco-polymers, plastics, silicon rubbers and the like.

Detector Component: Colorants and Pigments

The detector component of the Universal Lid presented herein may alsocontain fluorescent dyes and pigments. Various mediums and formatsimprove the coloration of the initial product matrix, as well as createa strong contrast in the composition matrix, which can indicate whethera contaminating species has been transferred into the matrix.Fluorescent dye compounds may include, but are not limited to:fluorescein, fluoresceine, resourcinol-phthalein, rhodamine, imidazoliumcations, pyridoimidazolium cations, dinitrophenyl, tetramethylrhodamineand the like. A wide range of fluorescent dyes that are activated atvarious wavelengths and emit light at lower wavelengths can be purchasedfrom Dayglo Inc., Swada Chemical, Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, Mo.) orMolecular Probes (Eugene, Oreg.). Thus, a tagged or fluorescent polymerrefers to polymers which fluoresce as a result of incorporation of afluorescent moiety during polymerization.

Detector Component: Electro-Optical Polymers for Signal Indication

The Universal Lids described herein may also include an electroactive,electro-optical or non-linear optical polymer, for example,polyacetylene, polydiacetylene, polypyrrole, polyphenylene vinylene,polythiophene, polyisothianaphthene or polyaniline. When the UniversalLids comprise such a polymer, the increase or reduction in stress causedby the change in shape of the article can also change theelectro-active, electro-optical or non-linear optical properties of theadditional component, and the change in those properties can be used toprovide (or to induce) an indicating and/or switching function.

Detector Component: Disposable/Reusable Sensors

The Universal Lids of the invention may also include disposable orreusable sensor compositions. Such compositions may be designed to sensevarious parameters, including but not limited to temperature, time,time-temperature, spoilage, gas type, and rancidness. By “disposable” ismeant articles which are intended to be discarded after a single use. By“reuseable” is meant articles that may be used more than once, therebyreplacing single-use products.

Detector Component: Optional RFID

In some embodiments, the Universal Lids described herein may optionallycomprise Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFIDs) in conductionwith one or more of the chemical detector components described above.RFIDs can assist in tracking the freshness or expiration dates of foodor other products placed into storage. Such devices are low-cost,passive or active “smart” chips or tags that can be embedded in orattached to articles, products, and the like, to convey informationabout the product via a scanner. Smart tags are generally smalllabel-like devices with a micro-chip and miniature embedded antennae.The tags may be passive or active, the active tags requiring an internalpower supply. A reader or scanner interrogates the smart tag with anelectronic signal. In response to this signal, the tag in turn generatesan electromagnetic pulse response that is readable by the scanner, theresponse containing the product information. RFID smart tags can beembedded in or attached to product packaging, storage systems, orincorporated directly into the product, and may convey conventional “barcode” information, as well as other more detailed information.

The scanner may be integrated with a computer system wherein theinformation may, for example, be entered and used to track the storedfood products and perform any number of associated functions. Forexample, the system may issue an alert (visible, audible, or the like)when a stored product has expired or exceeded a pre-determined freshnessdate. The system may sort and display information about the storedproducts, organized such as, by date entered into storage,manufacturer's suggested expiration date, food group, date purchased, orany other desired criteria. The system may be interactive, wherein auser may edit or replace data stored in the smart tags (in which casethe tags would be “active” tags). The system may provide the consumerwith coded links to databases containing additional information on thestored products. For example, the smart tags may provide a URL code forthe consumer to access an Internet web site concerning the food product.

Thus, the invention contemplates the incorporation of RFID devices intostorage systems that communicate with receiving and recording equipmentimplemented in appliances.

Universal Lids: Gas Permeability Component

The Universal Lids described herein may also include a gas permeabilitycomponent. Specifically, ambient gases given off by perishable productscan be controlled by incorporating gas permeable agents into the lidcomposition. As such, the lid may include a gas permeability componentto assist in ambient gas control. As used herein, the phrase“gas-permeability” refers to the transport of gases such as oxygen,nitrogen and carbon dioxide across a membrane. Unless otherwise noted,“gas-permeability” refers to all gases in general. Gases can becontrolled by diffusion from a container sealed with a lid and/or byadsorption by of the gas by-product by compositions comprising a lid.

Gas Permeability Component: Ethylene Absorption

The gas permeability component may comprise an agent that absorbsethylene gas. Ethylene gas is a naturally occurring growth hormone thatbuilds up in all refrigeration units. (See Burg et al. “Ethylene Actionand the Ripening of Fruits Ethylene influences the growth anddevelopment of plants,” Science Vol. 148. no. 3674, pp. 1190-1196(1965)).

Ethylene gas absorbing agents include, but are not limited to RD FRESH(Ethylene Inc.), which uses a proprietary mix of zeolite minerals andzeolite caged compounds (e.g., clinoptilolite and chabazite). Theseminerals have absorptive properties, and can include an activating agent(potassium permanganate) that specifically enhances the absorption ofethylene gas. The minerals have a unique 3-dimensional structure(similar to a honeycomb) consisting of interconnected tunnels and cages.Moisture molecules move freely into the tunnels, and are then trappedalong with unwanted gases within the cages.

Filters manufactured by Ethylene Inc. comprise a non-toxic, odorlessmineral formula that works like a large sponge to remove harmfulethylene gas. Filters manufactured by Ethylene Inc. maintain coldstorage humidity at optimum levels and absorb problem odors. Suchfilters extend the life cycle of produce, flowers and even refrigeratorsthemselves. Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) reservoirs can be includedas a juxtaposed element in the storage container to trap unwanted odorsand prolong food storage.

Universal Lids according to the invention may also comprise gaspermeable or gas quenching compositions, such as, for example, localizedLANDEC “Intelligent Materials”, mineral based materials, other catalystsand/or gas transfer/quenching agents.

Universal Lids: Storage Systems

The Universal Lids described herein may also be integrated intomulti-functional food storage containers. Such multi-functional foodstorage containers may be capable of providing one or more of thefollowing features: ethylene oxide transfer for sterilization,temperature insulation, reversible temperature indicators,port/re-usable placement of irreversible temperature indicators,time-temperature indicators (“TTIs”), low temperature andheating/cooking indicators, and/or spoilage indicators. Suchmulti-functional food storage containers may also be microwave,dishwasher, and freezer-safe.

Thus, embodiments of the invention include, but are not limited to, theuse of the Universal Lids described herein in the manufacture of storagesystems for food, perishable products, and ingestibles; as well as otheraccessories that combine one or more key elements, which enhance,prolong, diagnose, improve, sense, record, indicate, modulate, regulate,simplify, organize, and/or promote safety and handling with regard tofood, perishable products, and other ingestibles. As such, the inventionmay comprise a sealed container comprising a container having anopening, and a compliant lid configured to seal at least two differentcontainers that differ from each other by container opening size. Thedifference in opening size may be 5% or more, with respect to thediameter or length of the opening. Such lid:container systems mayfurther include elastomeric, detector and/or gas permeabilitycomponents, as described in more detail herein.

Storage Systems: Use of Lids with Disposable and/or Insulating Plastic

The Universal Lids described herein may include or be used inassociation with disposable and/or insulating plastic bags. Such plasticbags may have a high thermal capacitance multilayer insulationstructure. Such a structure is of particular utility for thermalprotection against exposure to alternate high and low radiant heat fluxlevels. Plastic bags of this sort may comprise, for example, walls oflaminate, alternate metal foil or metallized plastic foil layers, andlayers of material that are characterized by phase changes upon theabsorption of heat. The foil layers may provide for high reflectance andreradiation of heat flux, while the phase change layers provide forabsorption and storage of heat during periods of high heat flux.

Such disposable and/or insulating plastic bags that integrate multipleelements discussed herein. Specifically, such insulating plastic bagsmay also incorporate thermochromic indicators and/or gas permeableproperties. The Universal Lids described herein can also comprise or beused in association with biodegradable packaging materials based on cornor other polymer blends. One example is a two-component blend composedof polycaprolactone (PCL) and native corn starch, modified by additionof polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB).

Storage Systems: Use of UV Light During Packaging

A Universal Lid according to the invention, which may be stretched overany plastic or glass dish, for example, will often require sterilizationprior to packaging. The integration of ultraviolet (“UV”) light in thepackaging process provides for rapid sanitation. UV light caneffectively disinfect surface contaminants such as bacteria, yeast, moldand spores; however, it is only effective on contaminants that areexposed to and penetrated by the UV light. An apparatus having a centraltorus shape, i.e., a vessel with an inner surface forming a torus, or adonut, provides a useful geometry for the source of UV light forsterilization. Other shapes include bars or wands. Application of thesource of UV light is employed prior to the molding processes describedherein.

Storage Systems: Sealing of UV-Transparent Food Storage Containers

Universal Lids according to the invention may also be configured to sealUV-transparent food storage containers which may allow for simultaneousUV sterilization while foods are stored inside such containers.According to this embodiment, UV energy passes through the UVtransparent packaging and/or wrapping material, but any ultravioletlight that passes through the material is then reflected back throughthe material towards the UV source. As such, the container but not itscontents, is exposed to UV energy.

Storage Systems: Delivery of Preserving Material or Agents

Food, perishable, or ingestibles storage systems or components for usewith the Universal Lids presented herein can also be designed to have afeature that delivers a set amount of a preserving material or agentinto the food, perishable, or ingestible. Delivery of the preservingmaterial or agent can benefit the storage process by physically orchemically enhancing the storage conditions.

Storage Systems: Sealing of Shapeable Plastic

Universal Lids according to the invention may also comprise shape/memoryplastics for prolonging food storage and providing convenient spatialorganization. For example, the Universal Lids may be configured toseal-shapeable plastic storage containers that can be reset in size anddimension by warming and/or cooling, with or without the addition ofthermochromics.

The Universal Lids of the invention can also contain components withinwhich heat can be generated in order to cause the article to changeshape. For example, Universal Lids of this type can comprise aresistance element (composed, for example, of metal or a polymer havingconductive particles dispersed therein) and means for passing anelectric current through the resistance element, or can be composed of amaterial within which heat can be generated by induction heating, whichinvolves increasing the temperature in a material by induced electriccurrent, also known as “eddy-current” heating.

Self-configuring or morphological changing embodiments can be generatedusing shape/memory/optical changing compositions. For example, a flat ordeformed layer comprised with shape/memory and/or color shiftingmaterials can assume an initial shape. The shape/memory component cancontain a relief material or additive which harbors an intrinsic shapepre-set in the composition. Upon warming, the object will assume itsfirst state or configuration (e.g., a factory molded standard lidconfiguration).

Shape/memory materials with intrinsic optical properties can exhibit aplurality of shape/memory changes combined with single or multipleoptical effects including but are not limited to thermochromic,photochromic, combined tactochromic and thermochromic effects, combinedholographic and thermochromic effects, combined thermochromic andphotochromic effects, combined photo-luminescent and thermochromiceffects, various combined thermochromic effects such as liquid crystaleffects and intrinsic color change effects from polydiacetylenes oralternative thermochromic materials, mechanochromic and thermochromiceffects, pH sensitive color changes alone or in combination with otheroptical effects, and an assortment of related combined optical effectswhich exhibit synergy with the shape/memory change process. Particleadditives of a variety of shapes and sizes can be combined with theshape/memory material to create attractive and interesting visualaffects during the shaping, deformation, reshaping or shape memoryprocess.

Depending on the shape/memory material composition and associatedoptical/change composition employed, it may be desirable to ensure thecomprising composition does not stick or adversely adhere to itselfduring use. Lubricating agents or surfactants can be employed tofacilitate non-stick or adherence properties.

Shape/memory material can be purchased from vendors such as BASF,DuPont, Bay Materials or the like. Shape/memory materials may alsocomprise polyethylene and/or polypropylene. Composites can be made withshape/memory plastics, vinyl, high and low impact plastics exoticpolymers used for various industrial applications, epoxy resins wherevarious ratios between the epoxy and hardener can be utilized, metalsand metal alloys, bi-metal materials used in thermometers, comprisedwith components including rubbers, silicon-based materials, certainceramic materials, pressure sensitive material, stampable materials,biologically compatible materials, carbohydrate based materials, organiclipophilic materials, waxes, biologically active materials, certaintissues such as muscle, skin or hair, bio-absorbable materials, glasscompositions, ingestible materials, resins, epoxy-based composites andresins, glue and adhesive compositions, polyurethanes and derivatives(Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Japan), shape memory alloys, shape-memoryplastics (mnemoScience, Aachen, Germany), oligo-dimethacrylate,n-butylacrylate and related polymeric plastics, thermoplasticelastomers, networking polymeric systems, classes of polyesters,polymers based on monomers comprised with L,L-dilactide, diglycolide,and p-dioxanone, thermoplastic multi-blockco-polymers, macrodiols,homopolymers of lactide or glycolide compositions, or copolymers oflactide and glycolide groups, chiral and non-chiral polymers, polyvinylchloride compositions, polyethylene terephthalate and analogs, andrelated materials possessing shape/memory characteristics.

Organic polymeric groups can range in molecular weight from less thanabout 1000 g/mol to more than about 10,000,000 g/mol. The shape/memoryplastic selected, polymer composition and degree of polymerization willdepend on the application of interest. The shape changing material mayalso comprise a composition which reversibly changes from oneconfiguration to another and back again, irreversibly changes from oneconfiguration to another and remains in its final shape, or can beformulated to possess intrinsic abilities to undergo variouspermutations with and without having memory of its initial or finalconfiguration.

The absolute shape/memory change setting will depend on the productapplication of interest. For example lids may be prepared which changecolor and shape/color when warmed to about 100° F. At room temperatureor below, the lid will have a solid plastic-like feel. The color or huecan be adjusted to correspond to a desired visual attractiveness for thelid. When the lid is touched, or exposed to temperatures near bodytemperatures (e.g., 75-90° F.) the corresponding color and shape willbegin to change. The plastic embodiment will become softened and beginto deform. Likewise, the thermochromic material comprising thecomposition along with the shape/memory plastic will visually changecolor corresponding to the rise in temperature. When completely warmedabove the softening temperature of the shape/memory material, the lidwill be completely deformed to whatever configuration desired. Whenchilled back to room temperature or below, the plastic shape/colorchange embodiment will harden into its deformed configuration.

Temperature changes can be introduced with water, air, electricallyconductive circuits, heat lamps, radiating heat sources, microwaveheating where the shape/memory material has a microwave reactivecomponent present, frictional heat induction, chemically inducedheating, laser optically induced heating, semiconductor laser opticallyinduced heating, resistive heating elements, Peltier plate inducedheating, fluid circulating heating sources, solar heating, directed oropen flames, burning rocket propellant, various forms of contact andconductive heating, heating body contact and the like.

Reversible and irreversible versions of the color change agent can beemployed depending on the desired embodiment of interest. Reversibleagents can be employed where it is desirable to have a multi-use effector reuse the color change effect. For example, lid products withcontinued and repeated use value will find use of a reversible colorchange component comprising the final embodiment. In this case it wouldbe desirable to utilize a reversible thermochromic or luminescentmaterial which can be repeated during usage. In another example, it maybe desirable to record a single color change permanently. In this case,it would be desirable to utilize a thermochromically irreversiblematerial which changes from one color to another giving rise to apermanent massage.

Shapes can be made to change slowly or with rapid response time byadding relief layer composites, embedded springs, flexible stays, orrelief additives. The relief layer or additive acts to accentuate ashape/memory effect. For example, a stiffened plastic thread can becoated with a shape memory material whereby the coating will be moldableat a temperature setting. Once molded and chilled to set the desiredshape, the fixed shape strand will hold its configuration until it iswarmed above the softening temperature of embodied composition. Thesoftened shape/memory material will permit the stiffened plastic threadto resume its original structure and extend to its original position.

The shape/memory material and associated relief layer material can beformulated with 95% relief material to 5% shape/memory material. Moreusually, they are formulated with 50% relief material and 50%shape/memory material. Typically the shape/memory material will comprisefrom about 60 to 100% of the composition. The exact ratio ofshape/memory material to relief material will depend on the desiredfinal property of the embodiment or application of interest. Theconfiguration, shape/memory composition, relief composition, and methodfor adjoining each component should be considered when designing thefinal embodiment.

The shape/memory/optical material can be comprised of an elastomericmaterial such that the elastic properties of the elastomer can beutilized to create spring or rubber band-like function. An associatedelastomer can be stretched along with the entire comprising compositionabove the softening temperature of the shape/memory material. A shapecan be enforced once the composition is made stiff at below thesoftening temperature of the shape/memory/optical material. Uponelevating the temperature of the composition above the softening and/oroptical change transition temperature, the entire composition willrespond elastically to its original configuration and optically visualappearance.

The shape/memory/optical material can be comprised as above with aflexible metal or plastic spring such that the spring will facilitatethe conformational changes that the plural intrinsic compositeundergoes. Any of a variety of other flexible, semi-rigid, elastomeric,load bearing, torsion bearing, friction bearing, or related materialscan be employed as a facilitating means to impose initial and finalconformations on the plural intrinsic shape/memory/optical changecomposition. By way of example, a sponge-like foam can be coated orcontained within the shell of a shape/memory/optical change materialsuch that a shape can be imposed and solidified by heating and coolingin an intended shape. Subsequent heating and softening will causereformation to the initial molded shape assisted by the spring actionfrom the entrapped foam lattice.

The shape/memory and/or color change materials will comprise from 0.01%to 100% of the lid embodiment. More usually, the shape/memory and/orcolor change materials will comprise from 0.1 to 100% and typicallycomprise from 1% to 100%.

In a further embodiment, a Universal Lid may include localized portionsof the shape/memory and/or color change comprising material such thathinges, localized deformations, bends, protrusions, bulges, patterns,designs, extensions, and the like can be effected whereas the remainingportion of the final embodiment is unaffected by the shape/memory and/orcolor change process. Electrically conductive heating elements can beemployed where conductive and/or resistive heating inks are printed intovarious or specific patterns to achieve a desired localized or patternedheating location on the embodiment.

In addition, plural compositions have applications for use with theUniversal Lids and systems disclosed herein. By “plural composition” ismeant a composition that incorporates thermal switching/responsivematerial in combination with a color-shift reporting element. Such apleural composition would incorporate various intrinsic capabilities,including changing its physical properties, such as solid to liquidphase transition, viscosity, hardness, and related physical parameters,as well as changing its visual color, such as color hue, color density,opacity, and related optical characteristics.

In a further embodiment, a Universal Lid may comprise shape/memorymaterials that are comprised of inert plastics, strained wood, polymericcomposites, foods, lift-off layers adhered to food layers whereby thefood will change shape when the shape/memory material changes shape. Forexample, a sugar layer, edible paper layer, fondant layer or the likecan be coated on a thermally responsive shape/memory material. Theedible layer can be plain or colored with food color. Alternatively, theedible layer can be printed using a screen printing or ink jet printingmethod to create a graphic image, pattern, message or the like. When thelaminate is exposed to heat, the shape/memory material willcorrespondingly change shape to a desired configuration. Graphicsprinted on the edible layer can be initially generated such that theyare accurately displayed after the shape change has occurred. Prior tothe shape change, the graphic may be confused, scrambled, or distorted.

Optical films that exhibit a visible color shift as a function ofviewing geometry may also be employed. Such films exhibit a shift inapparent color as the observation or incidence angle changes. Filtersthat comprise a glass or other rigid substrate having a stack ofinorganic isotropic materials deposited thereon can also exhibit colorshifts. A variety of light transmissible materials can be used to createoptical layers on such films. Examples include thermoplastic polymersthat can be co-extruded from a multilayer die and subsequently cast andoriented in sequential or simultaneous stretching operations.

Storage Systems: Machine-Readable Chemistry and Device Configurations

The Universal Lids presented herein may also incorporate or be used inassociation with machine-readable chemistries and device configurations.Machine-readable chemistry and device configurations used with theUniversal Lids described herein can include, but are not limited tovarious printed barcodes, Interactive barcodes, abuse security barcodes;1D, 2D, and 3D; barcodes holographic barcodes, vision imaging systems,transient barcodes, time-only barcodes, freshness indicating barcodes,shape memory bar codes, and a variety of other applications and formats.

The Universal Lids described herein can be formulated and utilized in avariety of visual, scanning, imaging, and machine readable processes asthey relate to temperature monitoring algorithms. Messages or codes canbe made to appear or disappear; parts or elements of graphics, symbolsor codes can be utilized to make the element, graphic, or codeun-discernable or unrecognizable until that portion of the medium haschanged with temperature or the like.

Visual readings are made with distinct visual determination of athreshold color change that occurs. Machine aided formats are made usingan optical or electrical interpreted change in a color hue or conductivecharacteristic in a co-topo-chemical composition that undergoes a statethreshold change. By way of example, but not limitation, a compositioncan be printed or formulated in a machine viewable format. A measurablereading may be taken of an initial colorimetric state. A second orsequential reading can be measured as threshold state occurs. During thetransition from one state to another state, an instrumented reading canbe registered. The threshold transition can be measured against acalibrated reading such that the degree or magnitude of the statethreshold change can be recorded and monitored. Recorded and monitoredmachine measurements can be displayed by instrumentation utilized in themachine aided format.

Machine readable/responsive barcodes can be utilized for determining thepresence of or response to a temperature fluctuation, visible light,ultra-violet light, irradiation for applications such as foodsterilization including gamma and cobalt 60 irradiation levels,hydration, pressure changes, high pressure events including highpressure sterilization, contaminations such a heavy metal contamination,alcohol levels, poisons, chemical sensing, biological compositions,chemical reagents, non-specific analyte binding, specific analytebinding, gases, physical and mechanical responses, UV intensity, lightintensity, sanitization conditions, mechanical stress conditions,pressurization formats, oxidation state, optical bleaching, end-of-useindication, time, time and temperature, free radical content, hydrationstate, skin care health, medical sterilization, clinical health status,indicating sensors on food storage containers medical status, securityapplications, anti-tampering applications, and any of a number of othermeasurable indicia.

Machine readable codes for indicating time duration for productshelf-life and use indication can be accomplished using sensingcompositions that shift spectrally in response to ambient conditions andproduct storage.

A barcode may be embedded or obscured in conjunction with the UniversalLids, and such, can be selectively revealed upon triggering at setlevels, concentrations or time points.

A range of barcode languages can be utilized that can be partially offully associated the Universal Lids. Barcode types include, but are notlimited to any language, a wide range in size and numbers of character,as well as the barcode language of interest: 39, 93, 128A, 128B, 128C,

A standard barcode or UPC code can be obscured, coated, embedded in orover-laid by a mixed or single component chromic change agent. Part ofthe standard bar code can be clearly visible at the beginning of readingso as to generate an initial starting parameter set. Selective portionsof the barcode can be covered by discrete compositions that are set tochange color at pre-determined temperature exposures. As the barcode isplaced on a product type at a lowered temperature the chromic changeagent can be activated. On activation, pre-determined elements of thecode will be obscured by the optical density of the chromic changeagent. The optical density of the barcode will be set such that abarcode reader will not be able register the obscured portion/bars thatrepresent a specific code sequence. As the barcode/product is raised intemperature and as pre-selected temperature are achieved and exposed, apre-determined section of bar code will be revealed (reversibly orirreversibly depending on the nature of the chromic change agentselected). As each temperature threshold is achieve during thetemperature exposure process, each pre-determined/coated barcode regionwill be come machine readable.

Non-readable or partially readable barcodes utilizing single or mixedcomposition polydiacetylene as the obscuring agent are readily scannedfor activity or inactivity in part or in whole.

Polydiacetylenes and other blue/black bar codes provide a unique opticalmasking characteristic that makes partially readable of fullynon-readable part or all of the modified bar code. In addition thetransition of a blue/black polydiacetylenic compound to a red or orangehue including but not limited to light pink to dark red hues, providesfor high optical readability by most commercial barcode readers sincethe red, orange, pink or related hues are optically transparent to thered light sources utilized in standard barcode readers.

Readable barcode languages include but are not limited to Morovia Code25, 11, 12B. 139. UPC-A, UPC-E, EAN-8, EAN-13, code 128b, USS 39, USD 3,3 of 9 code, code 39. hibcc. Java applet, logmars, full, symbology,industry 2 of 5, discrete, self checking codes, msi plesssey,one-dimensional barcodes, two-dimensional barcodes, three-dimensionalbarcodes, halographic barcodes, luminescent barcodes, and the like.

Universal Lids: Container Features

Examples of containers that may be sealed by the Universal Lidspresented herein may include, but are not limited to lids for bowls,cups, cans, soda cans, wine bottle cork alternatives, wooden bowls,salad bowls, TUPPERWARE, RUBBERMAID brands, pots, pans, dishes, plates,bags, pouches, sacks, containers, containers with or without undercuts,storage boxes, thermos containers, and the like. The compliant,Universal Lids described herein may also serve as protective barriers,which can also be used for lap-top computers, books, documents,electronic components, radios, cell phones, palm pilots, laboratoryequipment, flat screen displays and the like, to list a few non-limitingexamples.

Container Features: Impeller Means

In certain further embodiments, containers used with the Universal Lidspresented herein may comprise an impeller means which causes circulationof fluid or gas through lifting and agitation, thereby promoting fluidflow and exchange.

Container Features: Vacuum Pressurized System

Convenient vacuum pumping or pressurizing systems can also be employedin combination with any of the above food storage systems. For example,the food may be held in a sealed hard walled container which has as anintegral part, a battery powered vacuum pump. The vacuum pump may beused to draw air from the food storage container portion of theapparatus, leaving the contained foodstuffs in a partial vacuum (e.g.,FIG. 3 item 30). The foodstuffs stored in the container will then beexposed to very little air, and to the spoiling effects of air.

Container Features: Lunch Box

Universal Lids according to the invention may also be integrated intospecific commercial items such as lunch boxes, for example. By way ofexample, such lunch boxes may be configured to provide illustrative andactive warning indications to children, parents, students, and teachersregarding any perishables contained therein.

An example of a Universal Lid according to an embodiment of theinvention is shown is FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, Universal Lid 10 comprises a central flex panel 12having an outer surface 14 and an inner surface 16. An elastic edging 18is at the periphery of the central flex panel 12. The elastic edging 18may be a flat flange perpendicular to the center panel (i.e., a“skirt”), a flexible flap projecting upwards, or a mushroom-typefeature, to list some non-limiting examples.

As shown here, elastic edging 18 has a hinge portion 20 and a rimportion 22. The hinge portion 20 allows the center flex panel 12 to moveaxially relative to the rim portion 22. Axial movement of the centerflex panel 12 moves the rim portion 20 radially. When Universal Lid 10is placed on a container 50, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, axial movementof the center flex panel 12 moves the rim portion 22 from the unsealingposition of FIG. 2 to the sealing position of FIGS. 1 and 3 to create aseal for storage of the contents of the container. Thus, rim portion 22may be considered as having an annular skirt which engages the outsidesurface of a container lip 24 when applied thereto. The skirt may alsohave an undercut 26, which protrudes from inside the skirt wall to thearea under the container lip 24 to hold the Universal Lid 10 in place.

Undercut 26 resembles a groove which is structured and arranged toreceive the edge 28 of container 50, which defines the opening of thecontainer to be sealed. The undercut cooperates with the edge tofacilitate attachment and sealing of the Universal Lid 10.

The terms radial and radially are used to describe the illustratedembodiment of the Universal Lid 10; however, other embodiments havingnon-circular shapes are also described wherein the radial directioncorresponds to a direction generally outward from a center of the lid.The Universal Lid 10 shown in FIGS. 2-3 is a circular lid; however,other embodiments of the invention may include shapes such as squares,rectangles and ovals, to list a few non-limiting examples.

FIG. 4 provides an exploded cross-sectional view of an undercut 35 inthe skirt portion 40 of a Universal Lid according to an embodiment ofthe invention. A first wall 50 extending downward at a first anglerelative to the skirt 40 of the lid, and a second wall 35 extendingdownward from the first wall at a second angle relative to the lid skirt40. The central flex panel is denoted by item 45.

Methods of Using

Aspects of the invention further include methods of using the UniversalLids described above. Generally, the methods of the invention willinclude sealing a container having an opening, and placing a UniversalLid having a detector component as described herein over the opening inorder to seal the container. The container may contain food items,non-food items, or other perishables, for example. The container may bedisposable, biodegradable and/or reusable. The method may furthercomprise detecting a signal from the Universal Lid, which has a detectorcomponent as described herein. The signal may be visual, such as, forexample, a color change that is visible to the human eye, or it may bemachine-readable, and therefore detectable by the aided eye, asdescribed in further detail above and in Ribi et al., “Stylus-SubstrateSystem for Direct Imaging, Drawing, and Recording” PCT applicationserial no. PCT/US07/26209 published as WO 2008/079357 (Atty. Docket No.SGAN-014WO); the disclosure of which is herein incorporated byreference.

Applications

Universal Lids and methods of using the same, for example as describedabove, find use in a variety of different applications. One applicationof interest is “smart packaging.” Examples of current and envisionedintelligent packaging which apply to the Universal Lids presented hereinclude packages that (1) retain integrity and actively prevent foodspoilage (shelf-life); (2) enhance product attributes (e.g. look, taste,flavor, aroma, etc.); (3) respond actively to changes in product orpackage environment; (4) communicate product information, producthistory or condition to a user; (5) assist with opening and indicateseal integrity; and (6) confirm product authenticity, and act to countertheft.

Systems

Also provided are systems that include one more Universal Lids of theinvention, as described above. In addition to the Universal Lids of theinvention, the systems may include associated containers, with sensingand/or reporting elements imbedded therein. Sensing and reportingelements of interest include those described in Ribi et al., “DiscreteTunable Sensing Elements and Compositions for Measuring and ReportingStatus and/or Product Performance” PCT application no. PCT/US2006/060871published as WO/2007/111702 (Atty Docket No. SGAN-012WO), for example;the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. Asdescribed in this incorporated application, sensing and reportingelements may be embedded, attached, molded or otherwise internalizedinto the body of products, such as the Universal Lids described herein.

Kits

Also provided are kits for using the subject compositions and practicingthe subject methods. Kits may include one or more Universal Lids of theinvention, as described above. The Universal Lids of the kits will beequipped to seal the openings of at least two different containershaving container opening sizes (e.g., in terms of diameter) that differfrom each another by, for example, 5% or more, such as, by 10% or more,20% or more, 25% or more, 50% or more, 75% or more, 100% or more, etc.Where desired, the kits may also include one or more containers havingan opening. A given kit may include sufficient Universal Lids andcontainers to make 1 or more, including 5 or more, such as 50 or more,100 or more, 1000 or more, 5000 or more, or 10000 or more sealed storagesystems.

The subject kits may also include instructions for how to practice thesubject methods using the components of the kit. The instructions may berecorded on a suitable recording medium or substrate. For example, theinstructions may be printed on a substrate, such as paper or plastic,etc. As such, the instructions may be present in the kits as a packageinsert, in the labeling of the container of the kit or componentsthereof (i.e., associated with the packaging or sub-packaging) etc. Inother embodiments, the instructions are present as an electronic storagedata file present on a suitable computer readable storage medium, e.g.CD-ROM, diskette, etc. In yet other embodiments, the actual instructionsare not present in the kit, but means for obtaining the instructionsfrom a remote source, e.g. via the internet, are provided. An example ofthis embodiment is a kit that includes a web address where theinstructions can be viewed and/or from which the instructions can bedownloaded. As with the instructions, this means for obtaining theinstructions is recorded on a suitable substrate.

Some or all components of the subject kits may be packaged in suitablepackaging to maintain sterility. Where desired, the components of thekit are packaged in a kit containment element to make a single, easilyhandled unit, where the kit containment element may be a box oranalogous structure and may or may not be an airtight container.

The following examples are offered by way of illustration and not by wayof limitation.

EXPERIMENTAL Example 1

Temperature indicating lid composition: A universal lid composition wasprepared using VERSAFLEX CL2000X, a thermo polymer elastomer (GLSCorp.). The resin was extruded using a 1 inch 3 zone extruder set at250° F., 390° F., and 370° F. for zones 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Adried finely ground thermochromic powder (10° C. vermillian, blue,black, yellow, turquoise, pink, brilliant green, brown, or otheravailable colors from Matsui Corp.) was added and blended at 1.5% byweigh and coated onto the CL2000X resin. The resin/composition wasextruded at 90 rpm into elongated ingots.

Example 2

Compression molded universal lid: The temperature indicating compositionin ingot form in Example 1 above was compression molded using apre-machined aluminum molded (6061) into pre-determined lid shapescomprising a top surface (0.06 inch thick and an undercut edge band).The undercut edge band was 0.125 inches thick and 0.75 inches tall.

Example 3

Temperature indication and utility of a universal lid: The universal lidmolded in Example 2 above was stretched over a variety of containertypes storing liquids, perishables, food types, or other substances. Thelid was compressed in the middle to create permanent vacuum for enhancedstorage conditions. The lid transitioned from a light translucent clearcolor to a dark temperature indicating color upon cooling to 10° C. Thelid held its vacuum at room temperature, refrigerator temperature, andsub-zero temperatures.

Example 4

Triple utility temperature indicating and gas control universal lid: Atriple utility universal lid that possessed a highly elastomericcomponent, a thermochromic component, and a gas control element wasprepared using the composition in Example 1, along with 2% by weight ofa gas active mineral (clinoptilolite and chabazite). The blendedcomposition was molded using injection molding to mold an 8 inchdiameter lid, which was similar in dimension to that prepared in Example2 above.

Example 5

Use of triple utility universal lid: The universal lid molded in Example4 above was stretched over a variety of container types storing liquids,perishables, food types, or other substances. The lid was compressed inthe middle to create permanent vacuum for enhanced storage conditions.The lid transitioned from a light translucent clear color to a darktemperature indicating color upon cooling to 10° C. The lid held itsvacuum at room temperature, refrigerator temperature, and sub-zerotemperatures. The gas deactivating mineral additive assisted in reducingthe ripening effects due to gases emitted by food types stored in thesealed container compared with non-sealed food types.

Example 6

Multi-utility temperature indicating and gas permeability universal lid

A multi-utility universal lid that possessed a highly elastomericcomponent, a thermochromic component, and a gas permeability element wasprepared using the composition in Example 1 along with 5% by weight of asemi-permeable component (INTERLEMER composition, Landec Corporation).The blended composition was molded using compression molding to mold an8 inch diameter lid, which was similar in dimension to that prepared inExample 2 above.

Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail byway of illustration and example for purposes of clarity ofunderstanding, it is readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in theart in light of the teachings of this invention that certain changes andmodifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit orscope of the appended claims.

Accordingly, the preceding merely illustrates the principles of theinvention. It will be appreciated that those skilled in the art will beable to devise various arrangements which, although not explicitlydescribed or shown herein, embody the principles of the invention andare included within its spirit and scope. Furthermore, all examples andconditional language recited herein are principally intended to aid thereader in understanding the principles of the invention and the conceptscontributed by the inventors to furthering the art, and are to beconstrued as being without limitation to such specifically recitedexamples and conditions. Moreover, all statements herein recitingprinciples, aspects, and embodiments of the invention as well asspecific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural andfunctional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that suchequivalents include both currently known equivalents and equivalentsdeveloped in the future, i.e., any elements developed that perform thesame function, regardless of structure. The scope of the presentinvention, therefore, is not intended to be limited to the exemplaryembodiments shown and described herein. Rather, the scope and spirit ofpresent invention is embodied by the appended claims.

1. A compliant lid configured to seal at least two different containersthat differ from each other by container opening size, wherein saidcompliant lid further comprises a detector component.
 2. The lidaccording to claim 1, wherein said two different containers havecontainer opening sizes that differ from each other by 5% or more. 3.The lid according to claim 2, wherein said compliant lid comprises anelastomeric component.
 4. The lid according to claim 3, wherein saiddetector component is a temperature detector component.
 5. The lidaccording to claim 3, wherein said detector component is a time detectorcomponent.
 6. The lid according to claim 3, wherein said detectorcomponent is an analyte detector component.
 7. The lid according toclaim 3, wherein said detector component provides a visual signal. 8.The lid according to claim 7, wherein said visual signal is a colorsignal.
 9. The lid according to claim 1, wherein said compliant lidfurther comprises a gas permeability component.
 10. The lid according toclaim 1, wherein said compliant lid is disc-shaped.
 11. The compliantlid according to claim 1, wherein said compliant lid comprises anundercut.
 12. A method of sealing a container, said method comprising:a) providing a container having an opening; and b) placing a lidaccording to claim 1 over said opening of said container in order toseal said container. 13-17. (canceled)
 18. A sealed containercomprising: a container having an opening; and a compliant lidconfigured to seal at least two different containers that differ fromeach other by container opening size, wherein said lid is sealing saidopening and further comprises a detector component.
 19. The sealedcontainer according to claim 18, wherein said two different containershave container opening sizes that differ from each other by 5% or more.20. The sealed container according to claim 19, wherein said compliantlid comprises an elastomeric component.
 21. The sealed containeraccording to claim 20, wherein said detector component is a temperaturedetector component.
 22. The sealed container according to claim 20,wherein said detector component is a time detector component.
 23. Thesealed container according to claim 20, wherein said detector componentis an analyte detector component.
 24. The sealed container according toclaim 20, wherein said detector component provides a visual signal. 25.The sealed container according to claim 18, wherein said visual signalis a color signal.
 26. The sealed container according to claim 18,wherein said lid further comprises a gas permeability component.
 27. Thesealed container according to claim 20, wherein said lid is disc shaped.28. The sealed container according to claim 20, wherein said lidcomprises an undercut.
 29. The sealed container according to claim 20,wherein said container contains food.
 30. The sealed container accordingto claim 20, wherein said container is a disposable container.
 31. Thesealed container according to claim 20, wherein said container is areusable container.
 32. A kit comprising: a container having an opening;and a compliant lid according to claim
 1. 33-35. (canceled)